There are seven types of eczema, each with unique signs and symptoms.

Atopic is the most common and is linked to asthma and hay fever. It affects children as well as adults and usually runs in families. Among the most common symptoms is itchiness (or pruritis) to the point of being unbearable. Additional symptoms include redness, inflammation and overall dryness of the skin. All of these symptoms can prompt excessive scratching which can then lead to the skin splitting, leaving it susceptible to infection.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis develops over time and repeated exposure to a substance that comes in contact with the skin and causes a reaction from the body’s immune system. Reacting to nickel in jewelry is a common example; perfumes and rubber are also frequent culprits. Once identified as an irritant it is best to avoid further contact with anything that contains that product.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis is typically caused by daily contact with substances such as detergents and chemicals which irritate the skin.  It is most commonly seen on the hands of adults and can be treated by keeping the skin moisturized and avoiding the substance(s).

Infantile Seborrheic Eczema more commonly called Cradle Cap, affects babies under one year of age.  The exact cause is not known and while it looks unattractive, it does not cause discomfort to the child.  Typically it clears up on its own within a few months and can be speeded up by using moisturizing creams.

Adult Seborrheic Eczema typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 and appears on the scalp as a mild dandruff but can spread to the ears, face and chest with the skin becoming red, inflamed and flaking.  It is believed to be yeast based; if the skin becomes infected, treatment with anti-fungal medication may be recommended.

Varicose Eczema occurs in mid to later years and affects the lower legs, most commonly the ankles, as a result of poor circulation.  If left unattended the skin can break down causing ulcers.  Treatments include emollients and steroid creams.